make p:rem UV Defense Me Daily Sun Fluid for combination skin

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Questions and answers

What the research says

• Replacing microsized titanium dioxide and zinc oxide with nanoparticles in sunscreens eliminates opaqueness and alters UV protection balance while inducing (photo)cyto- and genotoxicity and penetrating viable skin layers during long-term exposures.

  Nanotechnology, Science and Applications, 2011

• Microfine titanium dioxide does not penetrate human skin when formulated in an oil-in-water emulsion with the pigment dispersed in the aqueous phase, compared to oily dispersions and liposomal encapsulation which allow deeper skin penetration.

  International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2000

• Topical application of micronised titanium dioxide results in no dermal absorption, with the particles being deposited solely on the outermost surface of the stratum corneum.

  Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, 2001

• Emulgels containing Perilla frutescens seed oil, Moringa oleifera seed oil, and mixed seed oil microemulsions exhibit good stability, lack of cytotoxicity in PBMC, and no skin irritation or allergic reactions in human subjects.

  Polymers, 2022

• Microfine zinc oxide and titanium dioxide do not penetrate the stratum corneum of porcine skin in vitro, indicating that their use in sunscreens does not pose a health risk from internal exposure.

  Toxicology in Vitro, 2006

• Hyaluronic acid-grafted titanium dioxide nanoparticles increased SPF from 13.3 to 19.1 while demonstrating low photocatalytic activity, exceptional thermal stability with >95% SPF retention, enhanced moisturization with >80% hydration retention, and minimal cytotoxicity with 88.5% cell viability in HaCaT keratinocytes compared to unmodified nanoparticles.

  International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025

• UVB-damaged skin slightly enhanced titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticle penetration from sunscreen formulations, but minimal transdermal absorption was detected in pigs.

  Toxicological Sciences, 2011

• Oral and dermal administration of Uvinul A plus resulted in three major urinary metabolites accounting for 52% of the oral dose, with a very low estimated daily systemic exposure of 8.1-9.3 μg/d in volunteers not intentionally exposed.

  International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2020

• Microencapsulation of ethylhexyl triazone in lipid microparticles significantly reduced its in vivo human stratum corneum penetration by 45.7% compared to the nonencapsulated sunscreen.

  Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2019

• A topical sunscreen containing octyl triazone, phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid, and methylbenzylidene camphor prevented UVB-induced suppression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and mixed-lymphocyte reaction in epidermal cell cultures compared to control sunscreens with comparable SPF lacking octyl triazone.

  Toxicology in Vitro, 1994

• Topical application of 0.1% hyaluronic acid formulations of different molecular weights led to significant improvements in skin hydration and elasticity, with low-molecular-weight formulations also significantly reducing wrinkle depth in seventy-six female subjects compared to a vehicle control.

  Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 2011

• Topical application of hyaluronic acid in conjunction with free gingival graft significantly reduced donor site postoperative pain until day 7 compared to normal saline, with no significant differences in graft dimensions or patient satisfaction.

  Clinical Oral Investigations, 2022

• Treatment with a hyaluronic acid-containing mouth rinse or topical gel led to significant lesion reduction, pain relief, and normalization of lesion color in adult patients with minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis, with the gel formulation showing an earlier healing onset at 3 days.

  BMC Oral Health, 2019

• Aqueous standardized leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera showed the highest human dermal fibroblast and human keratinocyte proliferation and migration properties, leading to the development of an alginate-pectin film dressing with optimal physicochemical properties.

  Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2018

• Topical administration of Moringa oleifera seed extract on excision wounds in male albino rabbits significantly increased the wound healing rate, elevated TGF-β1, VEGF, and Type I collagen relative expression, and reduced inflammatory markers like IL-1β and TNF-α compared to untreated and MEBO-treated groups.

  Antioxidants, 2022

• Moringa oleifera leaf extracts provided significant UV protection with an SPF of 2 at 2% to 4% concentrations and showed no significant irritant potential in cosmetic formulations.

  Molecules, 2018

Ingredients

Water, Dibutyl Adipate, Propanediol, Titanium Dioxide, Caprylic Capric Triglyceride, Benzotriazolyl Dodecyl P-Cresol, C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, Diethylamino Hydroxybenzoyl Hexyl Benzoate, Ethylhexyl Triazone, Glycerin, Methyl Trimethicone, Diethylhexyl Butamido Triazone, 1,2-Hexanediol, Pentylene Glycol, Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract, Lespedeza Capitata Stem Extract Leaf, Cardiospermum Halicacabum Vine Extract Flower Leaf, Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract Rosemary Leaf Extract, Nymphaea Alba Flower Extract, Bambusa Vulgaris Water, Ribes Nigrum Seed Oil, Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil Sunflower Seed Oil, Sodium Hyaluronate, Biosaccharide Gum-4, Fructan, Pyrus Communis Fruit Extract, Prunus Persica Fruit Extract, Cucumis Melo Fruit Extract, Ficus Carica Fruit Extract, Centella Asiatica Extract, Hedera Helix Stem Extract Leaf, Rosa Damascena Flower Water, Jasmine Flower Water, Hydrogenated Lecithin, Dimethicone Vinyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer, Polymethylsilsesquioxane, Polyhydroxystearic Acid, Dimethiconol, Trisiloxane, Alumina, Stearic Acid, Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-6, Butylene Glycol, Cetyl Alcohol, Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate Vp Copolymer, Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Stearoxy Ether, Xanthan Gum, Ethylhexylglycerin, Sodium Polyacrylate, Polyether-1, T-Butyl Alcohol, Ceramide Np, Beta-Glucan, Octyldodecanol, Dipropylene Glycol, Tocopherol, Maltodextrin, Sodium Palmitoyl Proline

Behind this fit score

Lovi calculates every fit score from the full ingredient list with brand-independent rules our dermatologists and cosmetic chemists build and review, and personalizes every pick with AI trained on the real results of millions of users. Lovi trains its fit score models on a proprietary dataset built from more than 10,000 expert-labeled products and more than 100,000 simulated examples, following an internally consistent methodology presented at Cosmoprof, AMWC, and Skin of Color Update.