Topical use of dexpanthenol in skin disorders
Panthenol, Panthenol vitamin b5 · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, 2002The Effect of Aloe Vera Clinical Trials on Prevention and Healing of Skin Wound: A Systematic Review
Aloe barbadensis leaf juice · Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019Improvement of naturally aged skin with vitamin A (retinol)
Retinol · Archives of Dermatology, 2007Topical application of glycolic acid suppresses the UVB induced IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and COX-2 inflammation by modulating NF-κB signaling pathway in keratinocytes and mice skin
Aha · Journal of Dermatological Science, 2017Anti-aging and brightening effects of a topical treatment containing vitamin C, vitamin E, and raspberry leaf cell culture extract: A split-face, randomized controlled trial
Tocopherol, Tocopherol vitamin e · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2020The efficacy of 5% topical tea tree oil gel in mild to moderate acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study
Melaleuca alternifolia tree oil leaf · Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, 2007Bacterial cellulose membranes as drug delivery systems: an in vivo skin compatibility study
Microcrystalline cellulose · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2014Molecular basis of retinol anti-ageing properties in naturally aged human skin in vivo
Retinol · International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2017Production and characterization of cosmetic nanoemulsions containing Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) mill extract as moisturizing agent
Opuntia ficus-indica stem extract · Molecules, 2015Topical anti-inflammatory effects of isorhamnetin glycosides isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica
Opuntia ficus-indica stem extract · BioMed Research International, 2015Prospective, randomized, double-blind assessment of topical bakuchiol and retinol for facial photoageing
Retinol · The British Journal of Dermatology, 2019Apigenin inhibits UVA-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and prevents signs of skin aging in vivo
Chamomilla recutita flower extract matricaria flower extract · International Journal of Molecular Medicine, 2016Moisturizing and Antiinflammatory Properties of Cosmetic Formulations Containing Centella asiatica Extract
Madecassoside, Centella asiatica extract · Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016Papain Degrades Tight Junction Proteins of Human Keratinocytes In Vitro and Sensitizes C57BL/6 Mice via the Skin Independent of its Enzymatic Activity or TLR4 Activation
Papain · The Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2015Topical Application of Centella asiatica in Wound Healing: Recent Insights into Mechanisms and Clinical Efficacy
Centella asiatica extract · Pharmaceutics, 2024Vitamin C-squalene bioconjugate promotes epidermal thickening and collagen production in human skin
Squalane · Scientific Reports, 2020Treatment of acne with a combination of propolis, tea tree oil, and Aloe vera compared to erythromycin cream: two double-blind investigations
Aloe barbadensis leaf juice, Aloe barbadensis extract, Melaleuca alternifolia tree oil leaf · Clinical Pharmacology, 2018Antioxidant properties evaluation of topical astaxanthin formulations as anti-aging products
Algae extract · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2019Antioxidant Opuntia ficus-indica Extract Activates AHR-NRF2 Signaling and Upregulates Filaggrin and Loricrin Expression in Human Keratinocytes
Opuntia ficus-indica stem extract · Journal of Medicinal Food, 2015Ceramide 1 and ceramide 3 act synergistically on skin hydration and the transepidermal water loss of sodium lauryl sulfate-irritated skin
Ceramide np · International Journal of Dermatology, 2008Effect of a topical antioxidant serum containing vitamin C, vitamin E, and ferulic acid after Q-switched 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser for treatment of environment-induced skin pigmentation
Tocopherol, Tocopherol vitamin e · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2020Licochalcone A activates Nrf2 in vitro and contributes to licorice extract-induced lowered cutaneous oxidative stress in vivo
Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract licorice root extract · Experimental Dermatology, 2015Tailoring of Retinyl Palmitate-Based Ethosomal Hydrogel as a Novel Nanoplatform for Acne Vulgaris Management: Fabrication, Optimization, and Clinical Evaluation Employing a Split-Face Comparative Study
Retinyl palmitate · International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2021Epilobium angustifolium extract demonstrates multiple effects on dermal fibroblasts in vitro and skin photo-protection in vivo
Epilobium angustifolium stem extract flower leaf · General Physiology and Biophysics, 2013Green tea extract reduces induction of p53 and apoptosis in UVB-irradiated human skin independent of transcriptional controls
Camellia sinensis leaf extract · Experimental Dermatology, 2009Anti-inflammatory activities of colloidal oatmeal (Avena sativa) contribute to the effectiveness of oats in treatment of itch associated with dry, irritated skin
Avena sativa kernel extract oat kernel extract · Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 2015Design, characterization, and clinical evaluation of argan oil nanostructured lipid carriers to improve skin hydration
Argania spinosa kernel oil · International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2014Comparison of clinical and histological effects between lactobacillus-fermented Chamaecyparis obtusa and tea tree oil for the treatment of acne: an eight-week double-blind randomized controlled split-face study
Melaleuca alternifolia tree oil leaf · Dermatology, 2014The 24-hour skin hydration and barrier function effects of a hyaluronic 1%, glycerin 5%, and Centella asiatica stem cells extract moisturizing fluid: an intra-subject, randomized, assessor-blinded study
Glycerin · Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 2017The Effects of a Standardized Extract of Centella asiatica on Postlaser Resurfacing Wound Healing on the Face: A Split-Face, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Madecassoside · Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2020Randomized controlled study for the anti-aging effect of human adipocyte-derived mesenchymal stem cell media combined with niacinamide after laser therapy
Niacinamide · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2021Treatment of human skin with an extract of Fucus vesiculosus changes its thickness and mechanical properties
Algae extract · Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2002Instrumental evaluation of anti-aging effects of cosmetic formulations containing palmitoyl peptides, Silybum marianum seed oil, vitamin E and other functional ingredients on aged human skin
Silybum marianum seed oil · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2016A randomized, controlled comparative study of the wrinkle reduction benefits of a cosmetic niacinamide/peptide/retinyl propionate product regimen vs. a prescription 0.02% tretinoin product regimen
Retinyl propionate · The British Journal of Dermatology, 2010A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Vehicle-Controlled Study of the Efficacy of Moisturizer Containing Licochalcone A, Decanediol, L-Carnitine, and Salicylic Acid for Prevention of Acne Relapse in Asian Population
Salicylic acid · BioMed Research International, 2020Formulation and evaluation on human skin of a water-in-oil emulsion containing Muscat hamburg black grape seed extract
Vitis vinifera seed extract grape seed extract · International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2015Stable Ozonides with Vitamin E Acetate versus Corticosteroid in the Treatment of Lichen Sclerosus in Foreskin: Evaluation of Effects on Inflammation
Tocopheryl acetate · Urologia Internationalis, 2019A new topical panthenol-containing emollient: Results from two randomized controlled studies assessing its skin moisturization and barrier restoration potential, and the effect on skin microflora
Panthenol, Panthenol vitamin b5 · The Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2017Microneedling by dermapen and glycolic acid peel for the treatment of acne scars: Comparative study
Glycolic acid · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2019Senomorphic activity of a combination of niacinamide and hyaluronic acid: correlation with clinical improvement of skin aging
Niacinamide · Scientific Reports, 2024Comparative study of efficacy and safety of 45% mandelic acid versus 30% salicylic acid peels in mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris
Mandelic acid · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2020A topical gel of tea tree oil nanoemulsion containing adapalene versus adapalene marketed gel in patients with acne vulgaris: a randomized clinical trial
Melaleuca alternifolia tree oil leaf · Archives of Dermatological Research, 2022Structural characterization and in vivo evaluation of retinyl palmitate in non-ionic lamellar liquid crystalline system
Retinyl palmitate · Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces, 2011Topical beta-carotene protects against infra-red-light-induced free radicals
Beta-carotene · Experimental Dermatology, 2011The efficacy of glycolic acid, salicylic acid, gluconolactone, and licochalcone A combined with 0.1% adapalene vs adapalene monotherapy in mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris: a double-blinded within-person comparative study
Glycolic acid · Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 2019Efficacy of a topical gel containing chitosan, chlorhexidine, allantoin and dexpanthenol for pain and inflammation control after third molar surgery: A randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial
Allantoin · Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia Bucal, 2020Clinical evidence of the efficacy and safety of a new 3-in-1 anti-aging topical night serum-in-oil containing melatonin, bakuchiol, and ascorbyl tetraisopalmitate: 103 females treated from 28 to 84 days
Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2019Efficacy of Oxybrasion in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris: A Preliminary Report
Sea salt · Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2022Systematic Study of Paeonol/Madecassoside Co-Delivery Nanoemulsion Transdermal Delivery System for Enhancing Barrier Repair and Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy
Madecassoside, Centella asiatica extract · Molecules, 2023A comparative study of gluconolactone versus benzoyl peroxide in the treatment of acne
Pha · The Australasian Journal of Dermatology, 1992Daily Fluctuation of Facial Pore Area, Roughness and Redness among Young Japanese Women; Beneficial Effects of Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate Containing Antioxidative Skin Care Formula
Saccharomyces ferment · Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2021Efficacy of a multitargeted, salicylic acid-based dermocosmetic cream compared to benzoyl peroxide 5% in Acne vulgaris: Results from a randomized study
Salicylic acid · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2024Biomimetic hyaluronic acid-stabilized zinc oxide nanoparticles in acne treatment: A preclinical and clinical approach
Zinc oxide · Journal of Controlled Release, 2025Evaluation of dermal extracellular matrix and epidermal-dermal junction modifications using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric imaging, in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy, echography, and histology: effect of age and peptide applications
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2015A Lipid Mixture Enriched by Ceramide NP with Fatty Acids of Diverse Chain Lengths Contributes to Restore the Skin Barrier Function Impaired by Topical Corticosteroid
Ceramide np · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2022Comparison of clinical efficacies of sodium ascorbyl phosphate, retinol and their combination in acne treatment
Sodium ascorbyl phosphate · International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2009Clay jojoba oil facial mask for lesioned skin and mild acne--results of a prospective, observational pilot study
Jojoba seed oil · Forschende Komplementarmedizin, 2012A Salicylic Acid-Based Dermocosmetic is Effective as an Adjunct to Benzoyl Peroxide for Mild to Moderate Acne and as Monotherapy in Maintenance Post Benzoyl Peroxide
Salicylic acid · Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 2023A dermocosmetic containing bakuchiol, Ginkgo biloba extract and mannitol improves the efficacy of adapalene in patients with acne vulgaris: result from a controlled randomized trial
Ginkgo biloba leaf extract · Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 2015Chemical peels for acne vulgaris: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Mandelic acid · BMJ Open, 2018Colloidal Oatmeal <em>(Avena Sativa)</em> Improves Skin Barrier Through Multi-Therapy Activity
Avena sativa kernel extract oat kernel extract · Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 2016Antioxidant-based topical formulations influence on the inflammatory response of Japanese skin: A clinical study using non-invasive techniques
Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate · European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2017Topical application of jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis L.) wax enhances the synthesis of pro-collagen III and hyaluronic acid and reduces inflammation in the ex-vivo human skin organ culture model
Jojoba seed oil · Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2024Botulinum toxin injection as a single or combined treatment with non-cross-linked high molecular weight and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid gel for neck rejuvenation: A randomized clinical trial
Hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid · Dermatologic Therapy, 2022Antiacne and antiblotch activities of a formulated combination of Aloe barbadensis leaf powder, Garcinia mangostana peel extract, and Camellia sinensis leaf extract
Camellia sinensis leaf extract · Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, 2019Whitening effect of alpha-bisabolol in Asian women subjects
Bisabolol · International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2010Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of a facial serum containing dioic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, LHA, citric acid, and HEPES in treating post-inflammatory hyperchromia and controlling oily skin in patients with acne vulgaris
Citric acid · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2021In Vitro and Clinical Safety Assessment of the Multiple W/O/W Emulsion Based on the Active Ingredients from Rosmarinus officinalis L., Avena sativa L. and Linum usitatissimum L
Avena sativa kernel extract oat kernel extract · Pharmaceutics, 2021Well-aging: A new strategy for skin homeostasis under multi-stressed conditions
Tephrosia purpurea seed extract · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2020In vivo and in vitro evaluation of octyl methoxycinnamate liposomes
Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate · International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2013Effect of a botanical cleansing lotion on skin sebum and erythema of the face: A randomized controlled blinded half-side comparison
Willow bark extract · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2019Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a Novel Topical Herbal Composition (VEL-091604) Consisting of Gentian Root, Licorice Root and Willow Bark Extract
Willow bark extract · Planta Medica, 2019The synergistic effect of retinyl propionate and hydroxypinacolone retinoate on skin aging
Hydroxypinacolone retinoate · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2023The impacts of sodium lauroyl sarcosinate in facial cleanser on facial skin microbiome and lipidome
Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2024Squalane as a Promising Agent Protecting UV-Induced Inhibition of Collagen Biosynthesis and Wound Healing in Human Dermal Fibroblast
Squalane · Molecules, 2025Development of grape seed extract based formulations by using non-invasive biophysical technique and its impact on skin aging
Vitis vinifera seed extract grape seed extract · Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2021Stability, antioxidant activity, in vivo safety and efficacy of creams with standardized wild apple fruit extract: a comparison of conventional and biodegradable emulsifiers
Pyrus malus fruit extract · International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2019Treatment of mild to moderate acne with a fixed combination of hydroxypinacolone retinoate, retinol glycospheres and papain glycospheres
Papain · Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E Venereologia, 2015Epigallocatechin Gallate Enzymatic Alpha Glucosylation Potentiates Its Skin-Lightening Activity-Involvement of Skin Microbiota
Camellia sinensis leaf extract · Molecules, 2024Supramolecular collagen nanoparticles for anti-wrinkle, skin whitening, and moisturizing effects
Palmitoyl tripeptide-5 · Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces, 2025Effects of Investigational Moisturizers on the Skin Barrier and Microbiome following Exposure to Environmental Aggressors: A Randomized Clinical Trial and Ex Vivo Analysis
Yeast extract · Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2023Comparison of methods for assessing photoprotection against ultraviolet A in vivo
Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1987Evaluation of liposomal and conventional formulations of octyl methoxycinnamate on human percutaneous absorption using the stripping method
Octinoxate · Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2008Permeation, metabolism and site of action concentration of nicotinic acid derivatives in human skin. Correlation with topical pharmacological effect
Hexyl nicotinate · European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2003Influence of vitamin E acetate on stratum corneum hydration
Tocopheryl acetate · Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1998Skin recovery by Lavandula angustifolia leaf callus extract: Redox control of Nrf2 signaling
Lavandula angustifolia oil lavender oil, Lavandula angustifolia extract lavender extract · Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 2025Algae extract protection effect on oxidized protein level in human stratum corneum
Algae extract · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2004Anti-inflammatory and skin-hydrating properties of a dietary supplement and topical formulations containing oligomeric proanthocyanidins
Vitis vinifera seed extract grape seed extract · Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, 2007A randomized controlled trial to compare the effectiveness and safety of adsorbent lotion containing tapioca starch, spent grain wax, Butyrospermum parkii extract, argania spinosa kernel oil, aloe barbadensis, rosehip oil, and allantoin with a low-potency topical corticosteroid in the treatment of intertrigo
Shea butter · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2022Why is sodium cocoyl isethionate (SCI) mild to the skin barrier? - An in vitro investigation based on the relative sizes of the SCI micelles and the skin aqueous pores
Sodium cocoyl isethionate · Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2007Topical Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Formulations for Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review of Pre-Clinical and Early-Phase Clinical Evidence
Zinc oxide · Biomedicines, 2025Starch- and carboxymethyl cellulose-based films as active beauty masks with papain incorporation
Carica papaya fruit extract · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023Semi-solid functionalized nanostructured lipid carriers loading thymol for skin disorders
Thymol · International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2024Standardized wild apple fruit extract as a bioactive agent in dermocosmetic products for efficacy skin hydration-In vitro and in vivo evaluation
Pyrus malus fruit extract · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2022Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of a Panthenol-Enriched Mask for Skin Barrier Recovery After Facial Laser Treatment: Results of a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study
Panthenol, Panthenol vitamin b5 · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2025Modulating effects of oatmeal extracts in the sodium lauryl sulfate skin irritancy model
Avena sativa kernel extract oat kernel extract · Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology, 2002Moisturizing Effects of Diglycerol Combined with Glycerol on Human Stratum Corneum
Diglycerin · Journal of Oleo Science, 2016Enhanced Fluctuations in Facial Pore Size, Redness, and TEWL Caused by Mask Usage Are Normalized by the Application of a Moisturizer
Saccharomyces ferment · Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2022The effect of Zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim extract on crow's feet: A double-blind, split-face trial
Zanthoxylum bungeanum fruit extract · Dermatologic Therapy, 2019Efficacy and Tolerability of Stable Hybrid Cooperative Complexes of High- and Low-Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid in Asian Patients: An Open-Label Study
Hydrolyzed hyaluronic acid · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2026The effect of a vitamin A palmitate and antioxidant-containing oil-based moisturizer on photodamaged skin of several body sites
Retinyl palmitate · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2013New targets in the battle against dandruff
Epilobium angustifolium stem extract flower leaf · Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2017Hexyl-nicotinate-induced vasodilation in normal human skin
Hexyl nicotinate · Dermatologica, 1987Effect of an Emollient Emulsion Containing 15.0% of Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride on the Urocanic Acid of the Stratum Corneum
Caprylic capric triglyceride · Life, 2023Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Based Gel Containing α-Tocopherol and α-Tocopheryl Acetate for Synergistic Cutaneous Antiaging Efficacy
Tocopheryl acetate · Scientific Reports, 2025Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.) Leaf Extract Promotes Endo180 Production in Dermal Fibroblasts and has Antiwrinkle Effect on Human Skin
Melissa officinalis leaf extract · Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine, 2025Development of nanofiber facial mask inspired by the multi-function of dried ginger (Zingiberis Rhizoma) essential oil
Zingiber officinale oil root · Scientific Reports, 2025Functional properties and skin care effects of sodium trehalose sulfate
Trehalose · Skin Research and Technology, 2024Comparison of clindamycin 1% and benzoyl peroxide 5% gel to a novel composition containing salicylic acid, capryloyl salicylic acid, HEPES, glycolic acid, citric acid, and dioic acid in the treatment of acne vulgaris
Citric acid · Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 2013Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid from a Novel Bacillus subtilis Strain: Strengthening the Skin Barrier and Improving Moisture Retention in Keratinocytes and a Reconstructed Skin Model
Polyglutamic acid · International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2025Nanocomplex of quaternized cyclodextrin grafted chitosan and hyaluronic acid for a skin delivery
Hydrolyzed sodium hyaluronate · Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces, 2022A Double-Blind, 12-Week Study to Evaluate the Antiaging Efficacy of a Cream Containing the NFκB Inhibitor 4-Hexyl-1, 3-Phenylenediol and Ascorbic Acid-2 Glucoside in Adult Females
Ascorbyl glucoside · Journal of Drugs in Dermatology, 2016Facial disbiosis and UV filters
Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, Octinoxate · Archives of Dermatological Research, 2024Safety assessment on comedogenicity of dermatological products containing d-alpha tocopheryl acetate in Asian subjects: A double-blind randomized controlled trial
Tocopheryl acetate · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 2021Skin barrier repair efficacy and safety evaluation of an extract from Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis
Hydrolyzed gardenia florida extract · Natural Product Research, 2026Topical application of retinyl propionate, 4 hexyl resorcinol, and niacinamide reverses molecular and clinical features of ageing
Retinyl propionate · International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2024Retinyl propionate and climbazole combination demonstrates clinical improvement to the appearance of hyperpigmentation and deep wrinkling with minimal irritation
Retinyl propionate · International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2017Efficacy of Topical Hydroxypinacolone Retinoate-Peptide Product Versus Fractional CO2 Laser in Facial Aging
Hydroxypinacolone retinoate · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2025Treatment with Ascorbyl Glucoside-Arginine Complex Ameliorates Solar Lentigos
Ascorbyl glucoside · International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024Efficacy and safety of combination cream of stimu-tex AS™ (spent grain wax, Argania Spinosa Kernel oil, Butyrospermum Parkii (shea butter) extract), and saccharide isomerate after fractional CO2 laser procedure: split-face, double blinded, randomized controlled trial
Argania spinosa kernel oil · Lasers in Medical Science, 2025Efficacy of a Topical Formulation on Skin Hydration and Barrier Function in Individuals With Xerosis: A 28-Day Randomized, Split-Leg, Untreated-Controlled Trial
Dipotassium glycyrrhizate · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2026A novel facial moisturizer containing Saccharide isomerate accelerates skin barrier restoration following intense pulsed light treatment: a randomized split-face study
Saccharide isomerate · The Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2025Dual-function supramolecular system of α-hydroxy acid-based ionic liquids and peptides for enhanced anti-aging transdermal delivery
Malic acid · Journal of Materials Chemistry. B, 2025
